An overview of logistics operations
Air freight is a key component of modern global logistics. Because of its speed and reliability, it is the ideal solution for urgent shipments, high-value products, or perishable goods. But how does this complex process actually work? In this article, we offer a clear and essential overview of the main steps and actors involved in air cargo transportation.
1. Types of air cargo transport
There are mainly two modes of air cargo transportation:
– Dedicated cargo: aircraft used exclusively for cargo transport, operated by specialized companies (such as DHL, FedEx, Cargolux).
– Belly cargo: cargo carried in the cargo hold of passenger aircraft, taking advantage of available space under the cabin.
2. The operational phases of air transport
a. Booking and preparation for shipment
The process begins with booking by the shipper or forwarder. The goods are packed following specific safety standards and accompanied by the required documents (including Air Waybill – AWB, customs declarations, dangerous goods certificates, etc.).
b. Airport management
Once the cargo arrives at the airport, it is accepted by the cargo terminal, inspected (often including scanners or customs checks) and placed on pallets or in ULD (Unit Load Device) containers, optimizing space on board the aircraft.
c. Load on the aircraft
Cargo is carefully placed inside the aircraft according to the cargo plan, taking into account weight, volume and safety. The arrangement is essential to maintain the aircraft’s balance during flight.
d. Flight and transit
The cargo travels to the destination, possibly stopping at other logistics hubs. Cargo airlines often operate from large international hubs (e.g., Leipzig, Dubai, Hong Kong), where shipments are sorted.
e. Customs clearance and final delivery
Once landed, the shipment passes through customs in the destination country. After passing the controls, the goods are transferred by land to the final consignee, completing the logistics chain.
3. The main players in the air supply chain
– Sender and consignee: the parties involved in the shipment.
– Air freight forwarders (freight forwarders): intermediaries who arrange transportation and handle customs paperwork.
– Cargo airlines: responsible for the physical transportation of cargo.
– Cargo terminal managers: they are in charge of handling at the airport.
– Customs: regulate the entry and exit of goods in different countries.
4. Advantages and limitations of air transport
Advantages:
– Unparalleled speed
– High security
– Reliability in timing
Disadvantages:
– Higher costs than other means (such as ship or truck)
– Weight and volume limitations
– Significant environmental impact
5. The future of air cargo
With the growth of e-commerce and globalization, air cargo continues to grow. Innovations include the use of drones for local deliveries, digitization of documentation, and the introduction of sustainable fuels to reduce emissions.
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Air freight is a logistical symphony that requires coordination, precision and state-of-the-art technology. Understanding how it works helps companies and customers make more informed choices for their shipments.
